Who You Are is Who You Were When

The phrase “who you are is who you were when” is a thought-provoking statement that touches on the complex philosophical and psychological concepts of personal identity, consciousness, and the continuity of self over time. To unpack this statement and explore its meaning, we need to delve into various perspectives on personal identity, memory, and the nature of consciousness.

The question of personal identity over time has been a subject of intense philosophical debate for centuries. Several key theories help us understand the implications of this statement:

  1. Psychological Continuity Theory: John Locke, a prominent philosopher, proposed that personal identity is founded on psychological continuity, particularly the continuity of consciousness. He argued that it is the same consciousness that links past and present experiences, which constitutes personal identity [1]. This theory suggests that “who you are is who you were when” is directly connected to your current self through a continuous stream of consciousness and memories.
  2. Hume’s Bundle Theory: David Hume, another influential philosopher, was skeptical of the notion of a permanent self. He suggested that personal identity is more like a bundle of perceptions without a true underlying self [2]. This perspective challenges the idea of a consistent “you” across time, implying that “who you were when” might be fundamentally different from who you are now.
  3. Narrative Identity: This concept, supported by philosophers and psychologists, suggests that individuals construct their sense of self through a personal narrative that is continuously updated and reshaped [3]. In this view, “who you were when” becomes part of the ongoing story you tell about yourself, influencing but not necessarily defining your current identity.

Memory plays a crucial role in connecting our past selves to our present identity:

  1. Dynamic Nature of Memory: Scientific research has shown that memory is not a static archive but an active and reconstructive process. Each time we recall a memory, it is reconstructed, and this process can alter the original experience [4]. This suggests that “who you were when” is not a fixed point but a dynamic representation that changes over time.
  2. Autobiographical Memory: From a psychological standpoint, autobiographical memory is central to the construction of personal identity. These memories are subjective, selective, and reconstructive, influenced by current emotions, beliefs, and cognitive biases [5]. This means that your recollection of “who you were when” is shaped by your current perspective and circumstances.

The statement also touches on the concepts of consciousness and self-awareness:

  1. Self-Awareness Development: Self-awareness is a critical component of personal identity. It begins to develop in infancy and becomes more complex as individuals grow [6]. This developmental perspective suggests that “who you are is who you were when” might have different levels of self-awareness compared to your current self.
  2. Neural Correlates of Consciousness: Scientific studies have explored the neural basis of consciousness, identifying areas such as the anterior cingulate cortex as important for self-awareness. However, self-awareness may arise from distributed brain networks rather than specific regions [7]. This neurological perspective highlights the complexity of maintaining a consistent sense of self over time.

Research on personality development provides insights into how individuals change over time:

  1. Stability and Change: Personality traits are generally characterized by both stability and change across the lifespan. While some traits like agreeableness and conscientiousness tend to increase with age, others like neuroticism, extraversion, and openness to experience may decline [8]. This suggests that who you are is who you were when” might have different personality characteristics compared to your current self.
  2. Impact of Life Events: Significant life events can lead to changes in personality traits. For example, entering a romantic relationship or starting a new job can increase emotional stability and conscientiousness [9]. These changes imply that major life experiences can create distinctions between “who you are is who you were when” and who you are now.

The statement “who you are is who you were when” encapsulates the complex interplay between continuity and change in personal identity. It challenges us to consider:

  1. Continuity of Consciousness: To what extent does our consciousness provide a thread of continuity between our past and present selves?
  2. Memory’s Role: How do our memories, which are dynamic and reconstructive, shape our understanding of who we were and who we are?
  3. Personal Growth: How have we changed over time, and how do these changes affect our sense of self?
  4. Narrative Construction: How do we integrate our past experiences into our current self-narrative?

In essence, this statement invites us to reflect on the complex nature of personal identity. It suggests that while there may be a continuity of consciousness and memory linking our past and present selves, we are also constantly evolving beings. Our current identity is shaped by, but not necessarily identical to, who we were in the past. This perspective encourages a nuanced understanding of personal identity that acknowledges both the enduring aspects of self and the potential for growth and change over time.

How important are the years 18 – 25 for the individual’s life future experience in the context of political activism? CLICK HERE

Political Podcasts

Podcasts have become an increasingly influential medium for political discourse, shaping public opinion and voter behavior. While political podcasts can be a great source of information and analysis, it’s crucial to approach them critically and seek out diverse perspectives. By listening to a variety of podcasts across the political spectrum and using tools to evaluate their bias and reliability, you can gain a more comprehensive understanding of political issues and form your own informed opinions.

How Political Podcasts Work in the Political Arena

Political podcasts have emerged as a powerful force in shaping public opinion and influencing voter behavior. They offer a unique platform for political commentary, analysis, and discussion that can reach a wide audience. Here’s how they function in the political landscape:

  1. Influence on Public Opinion: Political podcasts have a significant impact on shaping listeners’ views. According to a survey by Voxtopica, 63% of registered voters reported that podcasts have changed their opinions on issues and topics in the news [1]. This demonstrates the persuasive power of this medium.
  2. Trust and Credibility: Podcasts are often perceived as more trustworthy than traditional media sources. An impressive 85% of registered voters trust the news and information they receive from podcasts more than any traditional or social media [2]. This high level of trust amplifies the influence of political podcasts on public opinion.
  3. Engagement and Action: Political podcasts don’t just inform; they also motivate listeners to take action. For instance, 71% of adult podcast listeners plan to participate in actions related to the 2024 election [3]. This shows how podcasts can mobilize listeners to become more politically active.
  4. Diverse Audience Reach: Political podcasts can reach audiences across the political spectrum, making them an effective tool for communicating political messages and campaign strategies [4].
  5. Impact on Voting Decisions: The media, including podcasts, plays a significant role in shaping voting decisions. Approximately 31% of Americans reported that the media has influenced their voting decision for the president and vice president [5].

Pros and Cons of Political Podcasts

Pros:

  1. In-depth Analysis: Podcasts often provide more detailed and nuanced discussions of political issues compared to traditional news formats.
  2. Convenience: Listeners can access political content on-demand, fitting it into their schedules.
  3. Diverse Perspectives: There are podcasts available from across the political spectrum, allowing listeners to explore different viewpoints.
  4. Community Building: Podcasts can create a sense of community among listeners who share similar political interests.
  5. Direct Communication: Politicians and political commentators can speak directly to their audience without intermediaries.

Cons:

  1. Echo Chambers: Listeners might gravitate towards podcasts that confirm their existing beliefs, potentially reinforcing biases.
  2. Misinformation Risk: Not all podcasts adhere to strict journalistic standards, which can lead to the spread of misinformation.
  3. Polarization: Some political podcasts may contribute to political polarization by presenting extreme or divisive views.
  4. Lack of Immediate Fact-checking: Unlike live debates or interviews, podcast content isn’t subject to real-time fact-checking.
  5. Overwhelming Volume: The sheer number of political podcasts available can make it challenging for listeners to discern quality content.

Recommendations Across the Political Spectrum

To get a balanced perspective, it’s advisable to listen to podcasts from different political leanings. Here are some recommendations:

  1. Pod Save America: Hosted by former Obama staffers, providing a progressive take on politics.
  2. The MeidasTouch Podcast: Discusses strategies for social change and critiques conservative policies [8].
  3. Why Is This Happening? The Chris Hayes Podcast: Offers in-depth discussions about political and social issues from a liberal viewpoint [9].
  1. The Ben Shapiro Show: Known for conservative commentary and critiques of liberal policies [6].
  2. The Dan Bongino Show: Focuses on current events and political analysis from a conservative viewpoint.
  3. The Tucker Carlson Show: Discusses political issues with a focus on critiquing liberal agendas [7].
  1. Left, Right & Center: Features discussions from across the political spectrum, aiming to provide a balanced viewpoint.
  2. Very Serious with Josh Barro: Focuses on serious political discussions with a centrist approach [10].
  3. The Utterly Moderate Podcast: Offers a nonpartisan perspective on political issues.
  1. Tangle: Known for its independent, non-partisan approach to political news, presenting arguments from across the political spectrum [11] [12].
  2. On the Ballot: Hosted by Ballotpedia, offering neutral and reliable information on government operations and political stories [13].
  3. Not Another Politics Podcast: Produced by the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy, focusing on research and data to provide a fresh perspective on political stories [14].

Evaluating Political Podcasts

When choosing political podcasts to listen to, it’s important to consider their bias and reliability. Tools like the Ad Fontes Media Bias Chart can help you understand where a podcast falls on the political spectrum and how reliable its content is [15] [16]. This chart evaluates media sources, including podcasts, on both bias (from extreme left to extreme right) and reliability (from original fact reporting to propaganda).

Timeline of the Black Experience

Starting from the earliest known history and progressing through the modern era this timeline includes significant milestones, historical context, and important figures. It demonstrates the resilience and contributions of Black individuals and communities throughout history, as well as the persistent impact of systemic racism and the continued fight for civil rights.

– **3000 BC – 1500 AD**: Ancient African civilizations flourished during this period, showcasing the rich history and cultural heritage of the African continent [[1]]

  – **Ancient Egypt (c. 3000 BC – 30 BC)**: One of the world’s earliest and most advanced civilizations, known for its monumental architecture, including the pyramids.

  – **Kingdom of Nubia (c. 2000 BC – 350 AD)**: Located south of Egypt, known for its rich gold deposits and powerful kingdoms like Kerma and Kush.

  – **Kingdom of Aksum (c. 100 AD – 940 AD)**: A major trading empire in present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea, one of the first African kingdoms to adopt Christianity [[2]]

  – **Empire of Ghana (c. 6th – 13th centuries)**: Flourished in West Africa, controlling trans-Saharan trade routes in gold and salt.

  – **Empire of Mali (c. 13th – 16th centuries)**: Rose to prominence under Sundiata Keita, reached its peak under Mansa Musa, known for its wealth and Islamic learning centers.

  – **Empire of Songhai (15th – 16th centuries)**: Succeeded the Mali Empire, known for its administrative sophistication and military prowess.

  – **Great Zimbabwe (11th – 15th centuries)**: Thrived in southeastern Africa, renowned for its impressive stone structures [[3]]

  – **Swahili City-States (10th century onwards)**: Developed along the East African coast, serving as cosmopolitan centers of trade [[4]].

– **Late 15th century**: Portuguese initiate the transatlantic slave trade, initially transporting Africans to work on sugar plantations in Cape Verde and Madeira islands [[5]].

– **16th century**: Spanish and Portuguese establish colonies in the New World, increasingly turning to Africa for labor as Indigenous populations decline [[6]].

– **17th – 19th centuries**: The transatlantic slave trade reaches its peak, with an estimated 10-12 million Africans forcibly transported to the Americas [[7]].

### Colonial America and Early United States (1619 – 1865)

– **1619**: Arrival of the first recorded Africans in English North America at Point Comfort, Virginia [[8]].

– **Mid-17th century**: Establishment of lifelong slavery and hereditary servitude in Virginia and other colonies [[9]].

– **1705**: Virginia Slave Codes codify the dehumanizing nature of slavery [[10]].

– **1739**: Stono Rebellion, the largest slave uprising in the colonial period [[11]].

– **Late 18th – early 19th centuries**: Rise of the abolitionist movement and the Underground Railroad [[12]].

– **1861 – 1865**: American Civil War fought over the issue of slavery.

– **1865**: Ratification of the 13th Amendment, abolishing slavery [[13]].

– **1865 – 1877**: Reconstruction Era, aimed at rebuilding the South and integrating formerly enslaved African Americans into society [[13]].

– **1868**: Ratification of the 14th Amendment, granting citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States.

– **1870**: Ratification of the 15th Amendment, prohibiting the denial of voting rights based on race.

– **Late 19th century – 1965**: Implementation of Jim Crow laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States [[14]].

– **1896**: Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision upholds “separate but equal” doctrine [[15]].

– **1909**: Founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

– **1914 – 1918**: World War I, with approximately 370,000 African Americans serving in the U.S. military [[16]].

– **1920s – 1930s**: Harlem Renaissance, a flowering of African American cultural, literary, and artistic expression.

– **1939 – 1945**: World War II, with over one million African Americans serving in various branches of the U.S. armed forces [[17]] [[18]].

– **1954**: Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision overturns Plessy v. Ferguson, declaring segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

– **1955 – 1956**: Montgomery Bus Boycott led by Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks [[19]].

– **1963**: March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, where Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his “I Have a Dream” speech [[20]].

– **1965**: Voting Rights Act passed, aimed at overcoming legal barriers preventing African Americans from exercising their right to vote [[21]] [[22]].

– **1964**: Civil Rights Act passed, prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin [[21]].

– **1968**: Fair Housing Act passed, prohibiting discrimination in housing [[21]].

– **Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933 – 1945)**: New Deal programs often reinforced racial inequalities, but also provided some economic relief [[23]]() [[24]].

– **Harry Truman (1945 – 1953)**: Desegregated the armed forces and advocated for anti-lynching laws [[25]].

– **John F. Kennedy (1961 – 1963)**: Initially hesitant on civil rights but eventually supported the movement, leading to the introduction of a comprehensive civil rights bill [[26]].

– **Lyndon B. Johnson (1963 – 1969)**: Aggressively pursued civil rights legislation, resulting in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 [[25]].

– **Jimmy Carter (1977 – 1981)**: Supported affirmative action and appointed a significant number of Black Americans to federal positions.

– **Ronald Reagan (1981 – 1989)**: Marked by a rollback of civil rights policies and opposition to affirmative action.

– **Bill Clinton (1993 – 2001)**: Implemented the 1994 Crime Bill, which contributed to mass incarceration, disproportionately affecting Black Americans.

– **Barack Obama (2009 – 2017)**: First African American president, implemented the Affordable Care Act and advocated for criminal justice reform.

– **Donald Trump (2017 – 2021)**: Presidency marked by rhetoric and policies perceived as hostile to Black Americans.

– **Joe Biden (2021 – Present)**: Signaled a commitment to racial equity, including executive actions on racial justice and proposals for police reform [[23]].

– **1950s – 1980s**: Cold War period saw African Americans facing a dual struggle for civil rights at home while being part of the global ideological battle against communism [[27]].

– **1955 – 1975**: Vietnam War era, with African American soldiers playing a crucial role despite facing systemic racism [[28]]. The anti-war movement became intertwined with the civil rights struggle [[29]].

– **1980s – Present**: Mass incarceration disproportionately affects Black communities, with Black adults imprisoned at five times the rate of white adults as of 2020 [[30]].

– **2013 – Present**: Black Lives Matter movement emerges, focusing on police brutality and racial justice [[31]].

We Need the Activism of the 18 – 25s

The years between 18 and 25 are critically important for an individual’s future life experience, particularly in the context of political activism. This period, often referred to as “emerging adulthood,” is a pivotal time for brain development, personality formation, and the establishment of long-lasting civic engagement patterns. Let’s explore the significance of these years for political activists in detail:

During the ages of 18-25, the brain undergoes significant changes that are crucial for political activism:

  1. Prefrontal Cortex Maturation: The prefrontal cortex, responsible for higher-order cognitive processes such as planning, impulse control, and decision-making, continues to develop well into the mid-20s [1]. This ongoing maturation is essential for political activists as it enhances their ability to make informed decisions, plan campaigns, and strategize effectively.
  2. Emotional Regulation: The limbic system, involved in emotional processing and risk-taking behaviors, also matures during this period [2]. This development is crucial for political activists who often face emotionally charged situations and need to regulate their responses effectively.
  3. Synaptic Pruning and Myelination: These processes improve cognitive abilities and decision-making skills [1], which are vital for activists navigating complex political landscapes and making critical choices about their involvement and strategies.

The years 18-25 are fundamental for shaping an individual’s identity and values, which are core to political activism:

  1. Identity Exploration: According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, this period involves exploring various possibilities in love, work, and worldviews to develop a coherent sense of self [3]. For political activists, this exploration is crucial in forming their political identities and determining the causes they will champion.
  2. Self-Focused Exploration: Emerging adults often focus on developing the knowledge, skills, and self-understanding necessary for adult life [4]. This self-focus allows future activists to identify their passions and develop the competencies needed for effective advocacy.
  3. Value System Development: The experiences and exposures during this period significantly influence the formation of an individual’s value system, which is fundamental to their political beliefs and motivations for activism.

The 18-25 age range is critical for establishing patterns of civic engagement that often persist throughout life:

  1. Early Political Socialization: This period is crucial for political socialization, with family, friends, and institutions playing significant roles in motivating initial political participation [5]. These early influences can shape an activist’s long-term engagement and approach to political issues.
  2. Skill Development: Early involvement in activism during this period leads to the development of political literacy and social capital, which are crucial for ongoing civic participation [6]. These skills, acquired in the formative years of activism, often become the foundation for a lifetime of effective political engagement.
  3. Long-term Impact: Studies show that civic participation in adolescence and young adulthood helps develop a civic identity associated with higher levels of engagement later in life [7]. This suggests that activists who start their journey during these years are more likely to maintain their commitment and involvement over time.

The unique characteristics of youth activism during this period can have significant societal impacts:

  1. Challenging Norms: Young activists between 18-25 are particularly effective at deconstructing prevailing societal standards and questioning deeply rooted systems of authority [8]. This ability to challenge the status quo is crucial for driving social change.
  2. Innovative Approaches: With their adaptability and familiarity with new technologies, young activists in this age group often pioneer innovative methods of mobilization and communication [9]. This innovation can significantly enhance the reach and effectiveness of political movements.
  3. Global Connectivity: The issues championed by today’s young activists, such as climate justice, racial fairness, and gender equality, often transcend geographical and ideological boundaries [10]. This global perspective, developed during these formative years, can lead to more inclusive and far-reaching activism.

The years between 18 and 25 are undeniably crucial for shaping an individual’s future as a political activist. This period encompasses significant neurobiological development, identity formation, and the establishment of civic engagement patterns that often persist throughout life. The experiences, skills, and networks developed during this time can set the foundation for a lifetime of impactful political activism.

For political activists, these years represent a unique opportunity to shape their worldviews, develop critical skills, and establish the groundwork for long-term civic engagement. The activism initiated during this period often has far-reaching consequences, not just for the individuals involved but for society as a whole. As such, supporting and nurturing political engagement during these formative years can have profound implications for the future of social movements and political change.

Guide to Critical Thinking Worksheet

Why critical thinking is important: Thinking Critically CLICK HERE

Thinking Critically with Community Organizing

If you want to be empowered or empowering you may want to start with critical thinking. If you do this we can build our own table.

Critical thinking is essential for making informed decisions and solving complex problems within communities. It enables individuals to navigate complex social issues, make sound decisions, and develop effective solutions to communal problems [4].

Research indicates a strong correlation between critical thinking and enhanced problem-solving abilities, which is crucial for addressing community challenges [4].

To promote the use of critical thinking skills in grassroots community organizations several strategies can be employed:

  • Promoting Engagement: Encourage individuals to engage with different levels of understanding. This involves teaching them to question assumptions and consider multiple viewpoints [5].
  • Implementing Innovative Teaching Approaches: Use active learning strategies that encourage participation, discussion, and the application of knowledge in real-world scenarios. 5].
  • Addressing Psychological Barriers: Provide training and workshops that address psychological barriers like biases and social pressures. This can help individuals become more open to critical thinking and challenge existing beliefs [6].
  • Developing Community-Based Learning Programs: Create learning programs tailored to the specific needs and contexts of the community. These programs should focus on critical thinking and make the skills relevant to the community’s challenges [5].
  • Facilitating Open Discussions: Create environments that encourage open discussions and the acceptance of diverse views. This can help overcome resistance to critical thinking and promote a culture of respect and inclusivity [5].
  • Utilizing Effective Teaching Methods: Employ teaching strategies specifically designed for participants and community organizations, such as:
  • Incorporating Real-World Applications: Design case studies and problem-solving exercises that mirror workplace and community challenges. This makes learning more meaningful and actionable for participants. [11].
  • Providing Regular Feedback: Offer constructive feedback to help participants understand their progress and areas for improvement. This can be achieved through interactive quizzes, assessments, and one-on-one coaching sessions [4].

By implementing these strategies, grassroots organizations and individuals can develop a stronger foundation in critical thinking skills. This will lead to more effective decision-making, problem-solving, and overall community development. The key is to make critical thinking relevant, engaging, and applicable to real-world situations that community members face daily.

Click here for a guide to critical thinking.

Why Black Art for Your Home

Why Black Art for Your Home

By Robert Lloyd

The importance of African Americans displaying art by and about their culture in their homes is paramount for providing identity to their children, as well as educating them on the history and heritage of the African diaspora. Hanging artwork that reflects a positive image of blackness can help foster self-esteem in children who may otherwise feel disconnected from or misrepresented by mainstream media. Additionally, it provides an opportunity for parents to teach lessons about resilience, pride and perseverance in times when many communities are facing adversity due to systemic racism.

For generations prior to us, our ancestors have been denied access into museums or galleries where they could learn more about our cultural roots; however today we have access through technology which has opened up new avenues for exploration without leaving home. By hanging artwork that celebrates various aspects of black life such as music, dance and fashion within one’s own home gives families a chance explore these topics together while also instilling values like respect for diversity within younger generations. Furthermore this helps create conversations around race relations with family members who might not understand why certain issues are important but can be exposed through visual representation.

In conclusion, hanging artworks created by African American artists on walls at home allows individuals from all backgrounds including those from minority groups, to gain insight into what makes up a unique culture. It serves both educational purposes – teaching people how different cultures interact-and personal ones – helping build self esteem among young people whose identities may be underrepresented elsewhere. Through this practice we will continue celebrating Black excellence while inspiring others towards greatness regardless of skin color.

Why Black Art for Your Home

Why Black Art for Your Home

By Robert Lloyd

The importance of African Americans displaying art by and about their culture in their homes is paramount for providing identity to their children, as well as educating them on the history and heritage of the African diaspora. Hanging artwork that reflects a positive image of blackness can help foster self-esteem in children who may otherwise feel disconnected from or misrepresented by mainstream media. Additionally, it provides an opportunity for parents to teach lessons about resilience, pride and perseverance in times when many communities are facing adversity due to systemic racism.

For generations prior to us, our ancestors have been denied access into museums or galleries where they could learn more about our cultural roots; however today we have access through technology which has opened up new avenues for exploration without leaving home. By hanging artwork that celebrates various aspects of black life such as music, dance and fashion within one’s own home gives families a chance explore these topics together while also instilling values like respect for diversity within younger generations. Furthermore this helps create conversations around race relations with family members who might not understand why certain issues are important but can be exposed through visual representation.

In conclusion, hanging artworks created by African American artists on walls at home allows individuals from all backgrounds including those from minority groups, to gain insight into what makes up a unique culture. It serves both educational purposes – teaching people how different cultures interact-and personal ones – helping build self esteem among young people whose identities may be underrepresented elsewhere. Through this practice we will continue celebrating Black excellence while inspiring others towards greatness regardless of skin color.

Bob’s Tuesday African American Portrait

The Los Angeles County Museum of Art published a new book: Black American Portraits. I seem to have missed the publication deadline as none of my portraits appear to be in the book.

So to keep you up to date I will be publishing an African American portrait every Tuesday.

Carl Richardson Spokane WA 2016 By Robert J. Lloyd

Bob’s Tuesday African American Portrait

The Los Angeles County Museum of Art published a new book: Black American Portraits. I seem to have missed the publication deadline as none of my portraits appear to be in the book.

So to keep you up to date I will be publishing an African American portrait every Tuesday.

By Robert J. Lloyd
Rhosetta Rhodes Spokane WA 2011 By Robert J. Lloyd