Category Archives: Social networking

Something You Can Do

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Spokane, like many cities in the United State has seen its share of protests over the years. And year after year thousands show up at the Martin Luther King Rally and March. Who’s who of Black Spokane will show up. Black organizations and community centers show up. Church groups show up. Local press shows up. Politicians show up. They are ethnically and economically diverse. In 2011 there was a bomb found along the MLK March route. For the following year thousands more turned out for the march.

One of the current cliches is that we are all in it together. But how is this expressed in terms of social justice? In the constitution it says liberty and justice for all, but Blacks were counted as only 3/5ths of a person. The diversity of the nation has increased through immigration but we still all live in our silos and everyone was not and is not considered equal. One of most segregated organizations are our churches. But now when we are on the verge of a tyranny when everyone is losing their rights suddenly we are all in it together. But our protests are still segregated. The only diverse marches and rallies here in Spokane are the Martin Luther King rally and march in January of each year.

Thousands Turn Out in Spokane and The Nation

Our protests are not diverse. Think of these examples:

Civil Rights Movement (1960s -1970s)
Vietnam War Protests (1960s -1970s)
Environmental Movements (1970s – present)
Indigenous Rights
LGBTQ+ Rights
Black Lives Matter (2010s – present)
Protest Anti-Semitism
Protest Anti-Muslim
Open Housing
Homeless Rights
Economic and Labor Protests
Anti-Trump Protests
Women’s March

How do we all work together? When people leave the meetings and rallies they return to their homogeneous communities. Check out the following links for things that can be done in-between the significant emotional events of major protests.

198 Methods of Nonviolent Action:

Pass this out at every march, rally and meeting you attend

Practitioners of nonviolent struggle have an entire arsenal of “nonviolent weapons” at their disposal. Listed below are 198 of them, classified into three broad categories: nonviolent protest and persuasion, noncooperation (social, economic, and political), and nonviolent intervention. A description and historical examples of each can be found in volume two of The Politics of Nonviolent Action, by Gene Sharp

If It Doesn’t Affect Me Why Should I Care?

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I haven’t lost my Social Security check yet.

I’ve got health care.

DEI (diversity, equity, inclusion) doesn’t affect me.

I’ve got a job.

I’m not an immigrant.

Addressing the question “if it doesn’t affect me directly, why should I care?”, it’s crucial to understand the broader impact of community organizations. Understanding and evaluating community organizations requires a multifaceted approach. By considering their effectiveness, transparency, coalition-building efforts, and legitimacy indicators, you can make informed decisions about which organizations to support and engage with. Remember that while an organization’s impact may not always be immediately apparent to you personally, their work often contributes to broader societal improvements that can benefit everyone in the long term.

For full article We Need Organizations CLICK HERE

Coalitions

Building Coalitions and Bridges

To build coalitions and bridges beyond our own special interests:

  1. Identify Common Goals: Successful coalitions often start with a clear understanding of the common goals and the necessity of collaboration. The process involves identifying the problems or goals that bring organizations together, understanding the community’s needs, and assembling a diverse group of stakeholders who can contribute to achieving the coalition’s objectives [7].
  2. Engage Diverse Stakeholders: Include those most affected by the issue and leverage their unique perspectives and resources. This diversity can lead to more comprehensive and effective solutions.
  3. Focus on Shared Interests: Cross-racial coalitions, for example, have been successful in addressing issues like voting rights and economic opportunities by focusing on shared interests or common threats [8].
  4. Utilize Frameworks: Employ frameworks like the Health Impact Pyramid to assess local assets and challenges, coordinate activities, and monitor interventions effectively [9].
  5. Promote Open Communication: Foster a culture of open dialogue and shared responsibility among coalition members to ensure all voices are heard and valued.

We Need Organizations

The Importance of Community Organizations

Addressing the question “if it doesn’t affect me directly, why should I care?”, it’s crucial to understand the broader impact of community organizations. Understanding and evaluating community organizations requires a multifaceted approach. By considering their effectiveness, transparency, coalition-building efforts, and legitimacy indicators, you can make informed decisions about which organizations to support and engage with. Remember that while an organization’s impact may not always be immediately apparent to you personally, their work often contributes to broader societal improvements that can benefit everyone in the long term.

  1. Collective Impact: Community organizations often address issues that affect society as a whole, even if not immediately apparent to individuals. Their work can lead to systemic changes that benefit everyone in the long run.
  2. Social Cohesion: These organizations play a vital role in building stronger, more connected communities, which can improve quality of life for all residents.
  3. Resource Mobilization: They often mobilize resources and volunteers to address local issues more efficiently than government agencies or individuals could alone.
  4. Advocacy: Community organizations can amplify the voices of marginalized groups and advocate for policy changes that benefit the broader community.

The Importance of Transparency in Community Organizations

In an era where organizations may operate virtually or from home offices, developing transparency is crucial:

  1. Embrace Digital Tools: Organizations should leverage digital technologies to enhance transparency and accountability. This includes using platforms that allow for real-time data sharing and communication, which can help in making informed decisions and fostering trust among stakeholders [10].
  2. Implement Data Transparency Practices: Ensure clear and open handling of data, helping stakeholders understand how their information is collected, used, and shared [11].
  3. Utilize Blockchain for Immutable Records: Consider using blockchain technology to create decentralized and immutable records, enhancing transparency and reducing the risk of fraud [12].
  4. Balance Transparency with Privacy: While transparency is important, it must be balanced with privacy concerns. Organizations should ensure that sensitive information is protected and that transparency does not lead to unintended data exposure [13].

What If!
What if nobody sees what you do?
What if nobody knows how you feel?
What if nobody cares that you care?
What if nobody does what you do?
What if nobody reads what you write?
What if nobody thinks the way you do?
Will you still be who you are?

Rodney Coates

Which Side Are You On?

By Florence Reece
This song emerged during the Harlan County War, a
series of coal miner strikes in Kentucky. Florence Reece was the wife of a union organizer and her song became the anthem for the labor movement and was widely covered by artists like Pete Seeger.

I Care What You Think

We know that you all cannot support nonviolent revolution in the same way and we are not asking you to. But before we ever start we need to know who will support nonviolent revolution and at what level. Are you an Actor, Ally or Accomplice? Click this link. After you have figured out what it is you are willing to do please fill out and submit the What Will You Do Survey.

We need to build a movement! Not another organization. We need to support active organizations that we already have.

Be aware of the gatekeepers (pimps, preachers and prostitutes), they will want to stop you, slow you down, and turn this movement around. Some earn their income from our plight. Their behavior might get you killed.

Develop Effective Action Groups

Reflections on 50 Years of Social Action Groups in Spokane

These reflections and critiques offer insight into the challenges and nuances of organizing for social and political change, especially in a community with unique demographic and cultural dynamics like Spokane’s. I’ll break down some of the key themes and ideas that emerge from my observations, followed by an analysis of the different organizational meeting styles I have observed.

Observations on Spokane’s Social Justice Landscape

1. The Challenge of Unity in Diversity

I would like to highlight a critical stumbling block: the diversity of backgrounds and experiences among African Americans in Spokane, combined with open housing policies that have dispersed the community geographically. This dispersal creates physical and cultural barriers to organizing. Efforts at building unity often falter because of a lack of shared experiences or common interests.

The “myth of unity” is especially powerful. True solidarity often requires honest critique and the ability to challenge one another constructively. However the fear of disrupting fragile social bonds can prevent this, leaving communities stagnant or divided. Recognizing this tension is a crucial first step toward addressing it.

2. Opposition’s Strategic Plans

The opposition’s strategy of fostering disunity by perpetuating myths of unity and relying on ineffective slogans such as “each one teach one” resonates. While the latter sounds appealing, it does not scale quickly enough to make the kind of sweeping change necessary in the face of systemic opposition.

Calling for methods to teach larger groups and work collaboratively rather than individually is vital. Scaling up requires intentional, structured approaches that balance grassroots engagement with broader, unified strategies.

3. The Power of Small, Scalable Actions

Starting with small groups (5-10 people) that reach consensus and funnel ideas up to larger groups (20-40 people) is practical and reflects effective organizing models. This approach mirrors successful strategies used in community organizing and union movements. The key is ensuring that these small groups do not become isolated or self-contained but instead feed into a larger, cohesive effort.

Use independent media to disseminate ideas and strategies. In the digital age, leveraging social media, podcasts, and other platforms can amplify these messages far beyond the immediate community.

Critique of Organizational Meeting Styles

1. Small Groups That Just Complain

These groups are common in grassroots organizing and often act as pressure valves for frustration. While they may provide a sense of camaraderie and shared grievance, they rarely lead to action or change. The key to transforming these groups is introducing structure, goal-setting, and accountability.

2. Small Groups That Take Effective Action But Fail to Scale

These groups are the backbone of many movements, as they are action-oriented and often achieve measurable results. However, they can become insular and overly reliant on the comfort of their small size. To scale up, these groups must develop strategies for outreach, recruitment, and leadership development. Succession planning is also critical to prevent burnout and stagnation.

3. Large, Established Groups with Gatekeeping Leadership

Larger organizations with entrenched leadership may have the appearance of strength, but their top-heavy structure often stifles grassroots participation and innovation. Additionally, their focus on appearances (e.g., press conferences, grand speeches) can overshadow actual community engagement. Breaking down these gatekeeping tendencies requires fostering a culture of transparency, shared decision-making, and accountability within these organizations.

4. A Model Town Hall Meeting

I want to note a successful Democratic meeting – a state legislative town hall I recently attended which stands out as a shining example of effective organization and engagement. Its success can be attributed to several factors:

  • Preparation: From the panel’s shared experiences and unified goals to logistical details like sign-ins, cards for questions, and microphones for audience participation, every aspect of the event was thoughtfully planned.
  • Inclusivity: The setup allowed for both written and verbal questions, ensuring that all voices were heard, including those less comfortable speaking publicly.
  • Follow-Up: Collecting contact information and ensuring unanswered questions were addressed later demonstrated respect for participants’ concerns and a commitment to accountability.
  • Engagement: The inclusion of a younger, passionate panel member brought fresh energy and perspectives, which is often key to inspiring broader participation.

This model could serve as a blueprint for other events, fostering trust, transparency, and community buy-in.

Key Takeaways and Recommendations

1. Build Bridges Across Diverse Experiences

To overcome the challenge of disunity, focus on identifying shared goals and emphasizing common interests rather than differences. This could involve hosting listening sessions or cultural exchanges to deepen understanding among community members.

2. Scale Effectively

  • Start with small groups but ensure they are networked into a larger movement. Use representatives to connect these groups and share their findings.
  • Embrace digital tools to communicate and scale your efforts. Social media campaigns, live-streamed events, and online forums can bring dispersed communities together.

3. Cultivate Leadership and Prevent Gatekeeping

Develop leadership training programs to empower new voices and prevent the monopolization of power by a few individuals. Encourage established organizations to adopt more democratic, participatory structures.

4. Learn from the Model Town Hall

The thoughtful, inclusive approach of the town hall meeting I attended is replicable. Key elements to incorporate into future events include:

  • Advance planning and logistics
  • Opportunities for direct and written participation
  • Transparent follow-up processes
  • A mix of seasoned and fresh voices to ensure both experience and innovation

5. Use Independent Media Strategically

Leverage independent media to broadcast successes, share strategies, and counteract misinformation. Platforms like blogs, YouTube channels, and podcasts can amplify voices that mainstream media often overlooks.

Conclusion

I hope these reflections capture the complexity of organizing for social justice in a fragmented community. The challenges outlined—disunity, ineffective strategies, and entrenched gatekeeping—are significant but not insurmountable. By building on effective models like the town hall meeting and prioritizing scalable, inclusive approaches, there is real potential to create lasting change.

If any of this information here at 4comculture.com is useful to you, pass it on to friends and community leaders in order that they might learn.

Who You Are is Who You Were When

The phrase “who you are is who you were when” is a thought-provoking statement that touches on the complex philosophical and psychological concepts of personal identity, consciousness, and the continuity of self over time. To unpack this statement and explore its meaning, we need to delve into various perspectives on personal identity, memory, and the nature of consciousness.

Philosophical Perspectives on Personal Identity

The question of personal identity over time has been a subject of intense philosophical debate for centuries. Several key theories help us understand the implications of this statement:

  1. Psychological Continuity Theory: John Locke, a prominent philosopher, proposed that personal identity is founded on psychological continuity, particularly the continuity of consciousness. He argued that it is the same consciousness that links past and present experiences, which constitutes personal identity [1]. This theory suggests that “who you are is who you were when” is directly connected to your current self through a continuous stream of consciousness and memories.
  2. Hume’s Bundle Theory: David Hume, another influential philosopher, was skeptical of the notion of a permanent self. He suggested that personal identity is more like a bundle of perceptions without a true underlying self [2]. This perspective challenges the idea of a consistent “you” across time, implying that “who you were when” might be fundamentally different from who you are now.
  3. Narrative Identity: This concept, supported by philosophers and psychologists, suggests that individuals construct their sense of self through a personal narrative that is continuously updated and reshaped [3]. In this view, “who you were when” becomes part of the ongoing story you tell about yourself, influencing but not necessarily defining your current identity.

The Role of Memory in Identity

Memory plays a crucial role in connecting our past selves to our present identity:

  1. Dynamic Nature of Memory: Scientific research has shown that memory is not a static archive but an active and reconstructive process. Each time we recall a memory, it is reconstructed, and this process can alter the original experience [4]. This suggests that “who you were when” is not a fixed point but a dynamic representation that changes over time.
  2. Autobiographical Memory: From a psychological standpoint, autobiographical memory is central to the construction of personal identity. These memories are subjective, selective, and reconstructive, influenced by current emotions, beliefs, and cognitive biases [5]. This means that your recollection of “who you were when” is shaped by your current perspective and circumstances.

Consciousness and Self-Awareness

The statement also touches on the concepts of consciousness and self-awareness:

  1. Self-Awareness Development: Self-awareness is a critical component of personal identity. It begins to develop in infancy and becomes more complex as individuals grow [6]. This developmental perspective suggests that “who you are is who you were when” might have different levels of self-awareness compared to your current self.
  2. Neural Correlates of Consciousness: Scientific studies have explored the neural basis of consciousness, identifying areas such as the anterior cingulate cortex as important for self-awareness. However, self-awareness may arise from distributed brain networks rather than specific regions [7]. This neurological perspective highlights the complexity of maintaining a consistent sense of self over time.

Personality Development and Change

Research on personality development provides insights into how individuals change over time:

  1. Stability and Change: Personality traits are generally characterized by both stability and change across the lifespan. While some traits like agreeableness and conscientiousness tend to increase with age, others like neuroticism, extraversion, and openness to experience may decline [8]. This suggests that who you are is who you were when” might have different personality characteristics compared to your current self.
  2. Impact of Life Events: Significant life events can lead to changes in personality traits. For example, entering a romantic relationship or starting a new job can increase emotional stability and conscientiousness [9]. These changes imply that major life experiences can create distinctions between “who you are is who you were when” and who you are now.

Synthesis and Meaning

The statement “who you are is who you were when” encapsulates the complex interplay between continuity and change in personal identity. It challenges us to consider:

  1. Continuity of Consciousness: To what extent does our consciousness provide a thread of continuity between our past and present selves?
  2. Memory’s Role: How do our memories, which are dynamic and reconstructive, shape our understanding of who we were and who we are?
  3. Personal Growth: How have we changed over time, and how do these changes affect our sense of self?
  4. Narrative Construction: How do we integrate our past experiences into our current self-narrative?

In essence, this statement invites us to reflect on the complex nature of personal identity. It suggests that while there may be a continuity of consciousness and memory linking our past and present selves, we are also constantly evolving beings. Our current identity is shaped by, but not necessarily identical to, who we were in the past. This perspective encourages a nuanced understanding of personal identity that acknowledges both the enduring aspects of self and the potential for growth and change over time.

How important are the years 18 – 25 for the individual’s life future experience in the context of political activism? CLICK HERE

Political Podcasts

Podcasts have become an increasingly influential medium for political discourse, shaping public opinion and voter behavior. While political podcasts can be a great source of information and analysis, it’s crucial to approach them critically and seek out diverse perspectives. By listening to a variety of podcasts across the political spectrum and using tools to evaluate their bias and reliability, you can gain a more comprehensive understanding of political issues and form your own informed opinions.

Pros and Cons of Political Podcasts and Recommendations

How Political Podcasts Work in the Political Arena

Political podcasts have emerged as a powerful force in shaping public opinion and influencing voter behavior. They offer a unique platform for political commentary, analysis, and discussion that can reach a wide audience. Here’s how they function in the political landscape:

  1. Influence on Public Opinion: Political podcasts have a significant impact on shaping listeners’ views. According to a survey by Voxtopica, 63% of registered voters reported that podcasts have changed their opinions on issues and topics in the news [1]. This demonstrates the persuasive power of this medium.
  2. Trust and Credibility: Podcasts are often perceived as more trustworthy than traditional media sources. An impressive 85% of registered voters trust the news and information they receive from podcasts more than any traditional or social media [2]. This high level of trust amplifies the influence of political podcasts on public opinion.
  3. Engagement and Action: Political podcasts don’t just inform; they also motivate listeners to take action. For instance, 71% of adult podcast listeners plan to participate in actions related to the 2024 election [3]. This shows how podcasts can mobilize listeners to become more politically active.
  4. Diverse Audience Reach: Political podcasts can reach audiences across the political spectrum, making them an effective tool for communicating political messages and campaign strategies [4].
  5. Impact on Voting Decisions: The media, including podcasts, plays a significant role in shaping voting decisions. Approximately 31% of Americans reported that the media has influenced their voting decision for the president and vice president [5].

Pros and Cons of Political Podcasts

Pros:

  1. In-depth Analysis: Podcasts often provide more detailed and nuanced discussions of political issues compared to traditional news formats.
  2. Convenience: Listeners can access political content on-demand, fitting it into their schedules.
  3. Diverse Perspectives: There are podcasts available from across the political spectrum, allowing listeners to explore different viewpoints.
  4. Community Building: Podcasts can create a sense of community among listeners who share similar political interests.
  5. Direct Communication: Politicians and political commentators can speak directly to their audience without intermediaries.

Cons:

  1. Echo Chambers: Listeners might gravitate towards podcasts that confirm their existing beliefs, potentially reinforcing biases.
  2. Misinformation Risk: Not all podcasts adhere to strict journalistic standards, which can lead to the spread of misinformation.
  3. Polarization: Some political podcasts may contribute to political polarization by presenting extreme or divisive views.
  4. Lack of Immediate Fact-checking: Unlike live debates or interviews, podcast content isn’t subject to real-time fact-checking.
  5. Overwhelming Volume: The sheer number of political podcasts available can make it challenging for listeners to discern quality content.

Recommendations Across the Political Spectrum

To get a balanced perspective, it’s advisable to listen to podcasts from different political leanings. Here are some recommendations:

Liberal Podcasts:

  1. Pod Save America: Hosted by former Obama staffers, providing a progressive take on politics.
  2. The MeidasTouch Podcast: Discusses strategies for social change and critiques conservative policies [8].
  3. Why Is This Happening? The Chris Hayes Podcast: Offers in-depth discussions about political and social issues from a liberal viewpoint [9].

Conservative Podcasts:

  1. The Ben Shapiro Show: Known for conservative commentary and critiques of liberal policies [6].
  2. The Dan Bongino Show: Focuses on current events and political analysis from a conservative viewpoint.
  3. The Tucker Carlson Show: Discusses political issues with a focus on critiquing liberal agendas [7].

Centrist/Moderate Podcasts:

  1. Left, Right & Center: Features discussions from across the political spectrum, aiming to provide a balanced viewpoint.
  2. Very Serious with Josh Barro: Focuses on serious political discussions with a centrist approach [10].
  3. The Utterly Moderate Podcast: Offers a nonpartisan perspective on political issues.

Independent/Nonpartisan Podcasts:

  1. Tangle: Known for its independent, non-partisan approach to political news, presenting arguments from across the political spectrum [11] [12].
  2. On the Ballot: Hosted by Ballotpedia, offering neutral and reliable information on government operations and political stories [13].
  3. Not Another Politics Podcast: Produced by the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy, focusing on research and data to provide a fresh perspective on political stories [14].

Evaluating Political Podcasts

When choosing political podcasts to listen to, it’s important to consider their bias and reliability. Tools like the Ad Fontes Media Bias Chart can help you understand where a podcast falls on the political spectrum and how reliable its content is [15] [16]. This chart evaluates media sources, including podcasts, on both bias (from extreme left to extreme right) and reliability (from original fact reporting to propaganda).

Fact-checking resources like FactCheck.org, PolitiFact, and Snopes can be valuable for verifying claims made in political podcasts [17].

We Need the Activism of the 18 – 25s

The years between 18 and 25 are critically important for an individual’s future life experience, particularly in the context of political activism. This period, often referred to as “emerging adulthood,” is a pivotal time for brain development, personality formation, and the establishment of long-lasting civic engagement patterns. Let’s explore the significance of these years for political activists in detail:

Neurobiological Development and Decision-Making

During the ages of 18-25, the brain undergoes significant changes that are crucial for political activism:

  1. Prefrontal Cortex Maturation: The prefrontal cortex, responsible for higher-order cognitive processes such as planning, impulse control, and decision-making, continues to develop well into the mid-20s [1]. This ongoing maturation is essential for political activists as it enhances their ability to make informed decisions, plan campaigns, and strategize effectively.
  2. Emotional Regulation: The limbic system, involved in emotional processing and risk-taking behaviors, also matures during this period [2]. This development is crucial for political activists who often face emotionally charged situations and need to regulate their responses effectively.
  3. Synaptic Pruning and Myelination: These processes improve cognitive abilities and decision-making skills [1], which are vital for activists navigating complex political landscapes and making critical choices about their involvement and strategies.

Identity Formation and Value Systems

The years 18-25 are fundamental for shaping an individual’s identity and values, which are core to political activism:

  1. Identity Exploration: According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, this period involves exploring various possibilities in love, work, and worldviews to develop a coherent sense of self [3]. For political activists, this exploration is crucial in forming their political identities and determining the causes they will champion.
  2. Self-Focused Exploration: Emerging adults often focus on developing the knowledge, skills, and self-understanding necessary for adult life [4]. This self-focus allows future activists to identify their passions and develop the competencies needed for effective advocacy.
  3. Value System Development: The experiences and exposures during this period significantly influence the formation of an individual’s value system, which is fundamental to their political beliefs and motivations for activism.

Civic Engagement and Political Participation

The 18-25 age range is critical for establishing patterns of civic engagement that often persist throughout life:

  1. Early Political Socialization: This period is crucial for political socialization, with family, friends, and institutions playing significant roles in motivating initial political participation [5]. These early influences can shape an activist’s long-term engagement and approach to political issues.
  2. Skill Development: Early involvement in activism during this period leads to the development of political literacy and social capital, which are crucial for ongoing civic participation [6]. These skills, acquired in the formative years of activism, often become the foundation for a lifetime of effective political engagement.
  3. Long-term Impact: Studies show that civic participation in adolescence and young adulthood helps develop a civic identity associated with higher levels of engagement later in life [7]. This suggests that activists who start their journey during these years are more likely to maintain their commitment and involvement over time.

Social Impact and Movement Building

The unique characteristics of youth activism during this period can have significant societal impacts:

  1. Challenging Norms: Young activists between 18-25 are particularly effective at deconstructing prevailing societal standards and questioning deeply rooted systems of authority [8]. This ability to challenge the status quo is crucial for driving social change.
  2. Innovative Approaches: With their adaptability and familiarity with new technologies, young activists in this age group often pioneer innovative methods of mobilization and communication [9]. This innovation can significantly enhance the reach and effectiveness of political movements.
  3. Global Connectivity: The issues championed by today’s young activists, such as climate justice, racial fairness, and gender equality, often transcend geographical and ideological boundaries [10]. This global perspective, developed during these formative years, can lead to more inclusive and far-reaching activism.

Conclusion

The years between 18 and 25 are undeniably crucial for shaping an individual’s future as a political activist. This period encompasses significant neurobiological development, identity formation, and the establishment of civic engagement patterns that often persist throughout life. The experiences, skills, and networks developed during this time can set the foundation for a lifetime of impactful political activism.

For political activists, these years represent a unique opportunity to shape their worldviews, develop critical skills, and establish the groundwork for long-term civic engagement. The activism initiated during this period often has far-reaching consequences, not just for the individuals involved but for society as a whole. As such, supporting and nurturing political engagement during these formative years can have profound implications for the future of social movements and political change.

Guide to Critical Thinking Worksheet

Why critical thinking is important: Thinking Critically CLICK HERE

  • 1. Knowledge
  • Who ______________? What _____________________?
  • Where_________________________? When_________________________________?
  • How__________________________? Describe __________________?
  • What is ___________________________________________________ ?
  • 2. Comprehension
    Retell in your own words ____________________________________?
    What is the main idea of ____________________________________?
    What differences exist between ______________________________?
    Can you write a brief outline _________________________________?
  • 3. Application
    How is_______________________ an example of____________________________?
    How is __________ related to ____________________?
    Why is __________________________________________ significant?
    Do you know another instance where _________________________?
    Could this have happened in_____________________________________________?
  • 4. Analysis
    What are the parts or features of _____________________________?
    Classify ________________ according to ___________?
    Outline/diagram/web map ____________________________________
    How does ______ Compare/contrast with _________?
    What evidence can you present for ___________________________?
  • 5. Synthesis
    What would you predict/infer from ___________________________?
    What ideas could you add to ________________________________?
    How would you create/design a new _________________________?
    What solutions would you suggest for ________________________?
    What might happen if you combined ___ with _____?
  • 6. Evaluation
    Do you agree that ________________? Explain ______
    What do you think about ____________________________________?
    What is most important?
    Prioritize _________ according to _________________?
    How would you decide about____________________________________________?
    What criteria would you use to assess ________________________?

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