Category Archives: Empowerment

BLACKS VS WHITES 1925 to 2025

The Good Old Days! What the F@%#! are the MAGA folks thinking? Make America Great Again?

The phrase “the good old days” typically refers to a nostalgic longing for a past time that individuals perceive as better or simpler than the present. However, the meaning and implications of this phrase can vary significantly depending on the context and the speaker’s perspective: personal memories, cultural context, privilege and exclusion, selective memory, dissatisfaction with modernity. The Good Old Days

timeline: the Last 100 Years

To compare the last century, let’s break this down into key categories: cost of living, wages, population, culture (movies, slang, toys, hairstyles, clothing), and the experiences of marginalized groups highlighting changes over time and providing context for marginalized communities where relevant.

1. Cost of Living and Housing

  • 1925: The average cost of a home in the U.S. was around $6,000. Rent was about $20–$60 per month, depending on location. The cost of living was significantly lower, but wages were also much smaller [1].
  • 2025: The median home price in the U.S. is now over $400,000, with rent averaging $1,700 per month. Housing costs have skyrocketed, making homeownership increasingly difficult for younger generations.

Marginalized Communities:

In 1925, Black Americans and other marginalized groups faced systemic barriers to homeownership due to redlining and discriminatory lending practices. These inequities persist today, with racial wealth gaps making it harder for marginalized groups to afford homes.

2. Minimum Wage and Wages

  • 1925: There was no federal minimum wage in the U.S. until 1938, when it was set at $0.25/hour. Many workers, especially women and minorities, earned far less in informal or agricultural jobs.
  • 2025: The federal minimum wage is $7.25/hour, though many states have higher rates. However, adjusted for inflation, wages have stagnated since the 1970s, meaning purchasing power has barely increased.

Marginalized Communities:

Historically, women, immigrants, and Black workers were often excluded from wage protections. Today, these groups are still overrepresented in low-wage industries, such as service and caregiving jobs, where wage growth has been slow.

3. World Population

  • 1925: The global population was approximately 2 billion.
  • 2025: The world population is now over 8 billion, with significant growth in Asia and Africa.

Marginalized Communities:

Population growth has brought challenges like resource scarcity and climate change, which disproportionately affect marginalized communities in developing nations.

4. Movies and Entertainment

  • 1925: Silent films dominated, with stars like Charlie Chaplin and Clara Bow. A movie ticket cost $0.25–$0.50. Popular films included The Gold Rush (1925).
  • 2025: Movie tickets now average $10–$15. Streaming services dominate entertainment, but blockbuster films like Avatar: The Way of Water (2022) still draw crowds.

Marginalized Communities:

In 1925, Hollywood largely excluded Black actors and other minorities, relegating them to stereotypical roles. Today, representation has improved, but disparities remain in opportunities and pay.

5. Toys and Games

  • 1925: Popular toys included teddy bears, yo-yos, and tin soldiers. These were simple and often handmade.
  • 2025: Toys are now high-tech, with video games, drones, and AI-powered gadgets dominating the market.

Marginalized Communities:

In the 1920s, toys often reflected societal norms, with few options representing diverse cultures. Today, there’s a growing push for inclusive toys, such as dolls with different skin tones and abilities.

6. Slang Terms

  • 1925: Popular slang included terms like “bee’s knees” (something great) and “cat’s pajamas” (something stylish).
  • 2025: Modern slang is heavily influenced by internet culture, with terms like “slay” (to succeed) and “vibe” (a mood or feeling).

Marginalized Communities:

Slang has often originated in marginalized communities, particularly Black and LGBTQ+ cultures, before being adopted by mainstream society.

7. Hairstyles and Clothing

  • 1925: Women embraced the bob haircut and flapper dresses, symbolizing liberation. Men wore tailored suits and hats.
  • 2025: Hairstyles are diverse, with natural hair movements celebrating Black hair textures. Clothing trends are casual, with athleisure dominating.

Marginalized Communities:

In the 1920s, Black women faced pressure to conform to Eurocentric beauty standards. Today, natural hair movements challenge these norms, promoting acceptance of diverse styles.

8. Marginalized Communities: Then and Now

  • 1925: Segregation, lack of voting rights, and systemic discrimination defined the experiences of many marginalized groups. Women had just gained the right to vote in 1920, but opportunities were limited.
  • 2025: While progress has been made, systemic inequities persist. Wage gaps, housing discrimination, and underrepresentation in media and politics continue to affect marginalized groups.

Black and White

Population Trends Over the Last 100 Years

  1. Early 20th Century (1920s-1950s):
  • In the early 20th century, the U.S. population was overwhelmingly white, with white Americans making up approximately 90% of the population. Immigration policies, such as the Immigration Act of 1924, heavily restricted non-European immigration, reinforcing this demographic dominance.
  • People of color, including African Americans, Native Americans, and smaller populations of Asian and Hispanic Americans, made up a much smaller percentage of the population.
  1. Mid-20th Century (1960s-1980s):
  • The Civil Rights Movement and changes in immigration laws, such as the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, began to reshape the racial makeup of the U.S. population.
  • The African American population grew steadily, while immigration from Latin America and Asia increased significantly, diversifying the population further.
  1. Late 20th Century (1990s-2000s):
  • By the 1990s, the percentage of white Americans began to decline as immigration surged and birth rates among people of color outpaced those of white Americans.
  • The Hispanic/Latino population, in particular, grew rapidly, becoming the largest minority group in the U.S.

Current Trends and Projections

  1. Current Demographics:
  • As of the 2020 Census, non-Hispanic white Americans made up about 57.8% of the population, a significant decline from the 1960s when they accounted for over 85% [1].
  • People of color, including Hispanic/Latino, Black, Asian, and multiracial individuals, now make up a growing share of the population. For example, children of color became the majority of U.S. youth by 2020 [2].
  1. Future Projections:
  • The U.S. Census Bureau projects that by 2045, non-Hispanic white Americans will fall below 50% of the total population, making the U.S. a “majority-minority” nation[3].
  • This shift is driven by higher birth rates among people of color and the aging of the white population. Generation Z is expected to be the last generation with a white majority, while Generation Alpha (born after 2010) will grow up in a majority-minority society [3].

Key Factors Driving These Changes

Immigration from Latin America, Asia, and Africa has been a major driver of population growth among people of color since the mid-20th century. Birth rates among Hispanic and Black populations have historically been higher than those of white Americans, contributing to the demographic shift. The white population is aging rapidly, with lower birth rates and higher mortality rates compared to other racial and ethnic groups.

The strongman leaders, oligarchs and White Christian nationalists have declared war on Blacks. The only way we will survive is to build coalitions. What are your thoughts on the demographics above?

Over the last century, the U.S. has transitioned from a predominantly white nation to one of increasing racial and ethnic diversity. This trend is expected to continue, with people of color projected to outnumber white Americans by 2045. The only way Black people will survive is to build a broad coalition with people of color, lower economic communities and the internationally disenfranchised.

Guide to Critical Thinking

Thinking Critically with Community Organizing

Guide to Critical Thinking Worksheet

Choices Now: Tyranny or Revolution?

Think Outside Silos: Win Elections

“Reactionary”: Labels Are Not Inclusive

Obama Speech July 13, 2012 in Roanoke Virginia

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From an ABC News blog post By Jake Tapper July 16, 2012

We’ve already made a trillion dollars’ worth of cuts.  We can make some more cuts in programs that don’t work, and make government work more efficiently…We can make another trillion or trillion-two, and what we then do is ask for the wealthy to pay a little bit more …
There are a lot of wealthy, successful Americans who agree with me, because they want to give something back.  They know they didn’t -look, if you’ve been successful, you didn’t get there on your own.  You didn’t get there on your own.  I’m always struck by people who think, well, it must be because I was just so smart.  There are a lot of smart people out there.  It must be because I worked harder than everybody else.  Let me tell you something – there are a whole bunch of hardworking people out there.

If you were successful, somebody along the line gave you some help.  There was a great teacher somewhere in your life.  Somebody helped to create this unbelievable American system that we have that allowed you to thrive.  Somebody invested in roads and bridges.  If you’ve got a business. you didn’t build that.  Somebody else made that happen.  The Internet didn’t get invented on its own.  Government research created the Internet so that all the companies could make money off the Internet.
The point is, is that when we succeed, we succeed because of our individual initiative, but also because we do things together.  There are some things, just like fighting fires, we don’t do on our own.  I mean, imagine if everybody had their own fire service.  That would be a hard way to organize fighting fires.
So we say to ourselves, ever since the founding of this country, you know what, there are some things we do better together.  That’s how we funded the GI Bill.  That’s how we created the middle class.  That’s how we built the Golden Gate Bridge or the Hoover Dam.  That’s how we invented the Internet.  That’s how we sent a man to the moon.  We rise or fall together as one nation and as one people, and that’s the reason I’m running for president – because I still believe in that idea.  You’re not on your own, we’re in this together.”

Think Outside Silos: Win Elections 1

“Reactionary”: Labels Are Not Inclusive

Based on the research reports provided, there are several common misconceptions about reactionaries that are worth addressing. Let’s explore these misconceptions in detail:

1. Reactionaries are simply opposed to all progress

One of the most prevalent misconceptions is that reactionaries are inherently against all forms of progress or change. However, this oversimplification fails to capture the nuanced motivations behind reactionary ideologies [1]. In reality, reactionaries may support certain types of change, particularly those that align with their vision of tradition or order. Their opposition is often more specifically directed at what they perceive as threats to societal values or cultural norms, rather than a blanket rejection of all progress [2].

2. Reactionaries are the same as conservatives

While reactionaries and conservatives may share some similarities, it’s a misconception to equate the two. Reactionaries are typically more extreme in their desire to return to a previous state of society, often idealizing a past era that they believe had positive characteristics absent in contemporary society [3]. Conservatives, on the other hand, generally aim to preserve the status quo or implement gradual changes. The reactionary outlook is described more as an impulse rather than a fully developed political philosophy, which distinguishes it from traditional conservatism [4].

3. Reactionaries are solely motivated by nostalgia

While nostalgia plays a role in reactionary thought, it’s a misconception to view this as their sole motivation. Reactionaries often have a complex mix of metaphysical and historical views. Some may be devoutly religious traditionalists, while others might be militant atheists. What unites them is a common disposition that views existence as fundamentally threatening and chaotic, requiring strong leadership to maintain order [4]. This perspective is more nuanced than simple nostalgia and involves a critique of modern cultural and social changes.

4. Reactionary movements are always right-wing

Although reactionaries are often associated with right-wing politics, it’s a misconception to assume this is always the case. The term can also apply to left-wing contexts, indicating a broader application beyond traditional political spectrums [3]. Historical examples show that reactionary movements can emerge in response to various types of social, political, or economic changes, regardless of their position on the left-right political axis.

5. Reactionaries are inherently regressive

The portrayal of reactionaries as purely regressive overlooks the complexity of their ideologies. While they may advocate for a return to previous societal structures, this doesn’t necessarily mean they oppose all forms of development. Instead, they may support changes that they believe will restore or maintain a preferred social order [5]. This nuanced perspective is often lost in simplified media portrayals.

6. Reactionaries are simply populists

While there may be overlap between reactionary and populist movements, it’s a misconception to view them as synonymous. Academic analyses suggest that reactionary ideology is more deeply rooted in specific traditions and rhetorical strategies than populism alone. Richard Shorten’s work, for example, highlights the distinct rhetorical triangle of decadence, conspiracy, and indignation that characterizes reactionary thought [6].

7. Reactionaries are motivated solely by self-interest

It’s a misconception to assume that reactionaries are only motivated by preserving their own privileges. While this may be true in some cases, many reactionaries genuinely believe that their ideologies will benefit society as a whole. They often see themselves as defenders of order and meaning in a world they perceive as chaotic and declining [4].

8. Reactionary movements are a modern phenomenon

Historical examples demonstrate that reactionary movements have existed throughout history. From the Thermidorian Reaction during the French Revolution to the Bourbon Restoration and the Holy Alliance in the 19th century, reactionary ideologies have long been a part of political discourse [5] [7] [8]. Understanding this historical context helps to dispel the misconception that reactionary politics is solely a modern development.

In conclusion, these misconceptions about reactionaries often arise from oversimplified portrayals in media and public discourse. A more nuanced understanding requires examining the complex motivations, historical contexts, and ideological underpinnings of reactionary movements. By addressing these misconceptions, we can gain a more accurate and comprehensive view of reactionary politics and its place in the broader political landscape.

Obama Warned You

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Obama Speech July 13, 2012 in Roanoke Virginia

President Barack Obama’s Speech July 13, 2012 in Roanoke Virginia

Music Making Social Changes

Over the last hundred years, music has played a pivotal role in inspiring and motivating social change. From labor movements to civil rights, anti-war protests to environmental activism, songs have served as powerful tools for communication, mobilization, and solidarity. Let’s explore some of the most influential songs and artists that have shaped social movements across different eras.

1920s-1950s: Labor Movements and Early Civil Rights

During this period, protest music primarily focused on labor rights and the emerging civil rights movement.

  1. “Which Side Are You On” by Florence Reece (1931)
    This song emerged during the Harlan County War, a series of coal miner strikes in Kentucky. Written by Florence Reece, the wife of a union organizer, it became an anthem for the labor movement and was widely covered by artists like Pete Seeger [1].
  2. “Strange Fruit” by Billie Holiday (1939)
    Originally a poem by Abel Meeropol, this haunting song protested the lynching of African Americans and became a powerful anthem for the civil rights movement. Its impact was significant in raising awareness about racial violence and injustice in America [2]. Billie Holiday’s emotional delivery made it one of the most significant protest songs of the era [3].
  3. “Ol’ Man River” by Paul Robeson (1927)
    Originally written for the Broadway musical “Show Boat,” this song was transformed by Paul Robeson into a powerful statement on racial injustice. Robeson altered the lyrics to reflect the struggles of black Americans, making it a civil rights anthem [4].

1960s-1970s: Counterculture and Civil Rights Movements

The 1960s and 1970s saw an explosion of protest music, addressing issues from civil rights to the Vietnam War.

  1. “Blowin’ in the Wind” by Bob Dylan (1962)
    This song became synonymous with the civil rights movement, asking poignant questions about peace and freedom. It was adopted by various social movements, highlighting its versatility and enduring appeal [5].
  2. “We Shall Overcome”
    This song became the unofficial anthem of the civil rights movement. It was sung at protests and rallies, providing hope and unity among activists. Martin Luther King Jr. noted its power in inspiring courage and a sense of community [6].
  3. “What’s Going On” by Marvin Gaye (1971)
    This song addressed issues of war, poverty, and racial injustice, becoming a timeless call for social change and reflection [7].
  4. “Respect” by Aretha Franklin (1967)
    Originally written by Otis Redding, Franklin’s version became a powerful anthem for both the feminist and civil rights movements, demanding respect and equality.
  5. “Fortunate Son” by Creedence Clearwater Revival (1969)
    This song became an anthem of the anti-Vietnam War movement, critiquing the disparity between those who were drafted and those who were not.

Civil Rights March on Washington
The 1960s was a fertile era for the genre, especially with the rise of the Civil Rights Movement, the ascendency of counterculture groups such as “hippies” and the New Left, and the escalation of the …

1980s-2000s: Anti-Apartheid and Social Justice Movements

This era saw a focus on global issues, particularly the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa.

  1. “Free Nelson Mandela” by The Special A.K.A. (1984)
    This song became an anthem for the anti-apartheid movement, calling for the release of Nelson Mandela and drawing global attention to the injustices of apartheid in South Africa [8].
  2. “Biko” by Peter Gabriel (1980)
    This song is a tribute to Steve Biko, an anti-apartheid activist who died in police custody. Gabriel’s song brought international attention to the apartheid regime’s brutality and became a rallying cry for the movement.
  3. “Sun City” by Artists United Against Apartheid (1985)
    This collaborative protest song, featuring artists like Bruce Springsteen and Bono, was part of a campaign against apartheid in South Africa. It raised awareness and funds, contributing to the global anti-apartheid movement.
  4. “Beds Are Burning” by Midnight Oil (1987)
    This song by the Australian band Midnight Oil highlighted the need for land rights and justice for Indigenous Australians. It became a powerful anthem for environmental and social justice, calling for action to return land to its rightful owners [9].

2000s-2020s: Contemporary Social Activism

In recent years, protest music has addressed issues such as racial justice, climate change, and other social movements.

  1. “Alright” by Kendrick Lamar (2015)
    Adopted by the Black Lives Matter movement, this song became an anthem of hope and resilience in the face of racial injustice. Its impact is seen in its widespread use during protests and demonstrations.
  2. “This Is America” by Childish Gambino (2018)
    The song and its accompanying video critique gun violence and racism in America. It became a cultural phenomenon, sparking discussions about the contradictions of Black life in the U.S. [10].
  3. “The Bigger Picture” by Lil Baby (2020)
    Released shortly after the killing of George Floyd, this song became an anthem for the Black Lives Matter movement. Lil Baby’s lyrics address systemic racism and police brutality, resonating with the widespread protests that followed Floyd’s death [11].
  4. “The 1975” by The 1975 featuring Greta Thunberg (2020)
    This track features a spoken word piece by climate activist Greta Thunberg, calling for immediate action against climate change and critiquing the status quo [12].

Throughout the last hundred years, these songs and artists have not only reflected the social and political climate of their times but have also inspired and motivated change. They have provided a voice for the marginalized, united diverse groups under common causes, and continue to resonate with new generations, demonstrating the enduring power of music as a tool for social change.

Who You Are is Who You Were When

The phrase “who you are is who you were when” is a thought-provoking statement that touches on the complex philosophical and psychological concepts of personal identity, consciousness, and the continuity of self over time. To unpack this statement and explore its meaning, we need to delve into various perspectives on personal identity, memory, and the nature of consciousness.

Philosophical Perspectives on Personal Identity

The question of personal identity over time has been a subject of intense philosophical debate for centuries. Several key theories help us understand the implications of this statement:

  1. Psychological Continuity Theory: John Locke, a prominent philosopher, proposed that personal identity is founded on psychological continuity, particularly the continuity of consciousness. He argued that it is the same consciousness that links past and present experiences, which constitutes personal identity [1]. This theory suggests that “who you are is who you were when” is directly connected to your current self through a continuous stream of consciousness and memories.
  2. Hume’s Bundle Theory: David Hume, another influential philosopher, was skeptical of the notion of a permanent self. He suggested that personal identity is more like a bundle of perceptions without a true underlying self [2]. This perspective challenges the idea of a consistent “you” across time, implying that “who you were when” might be fundamentally different from who you are now.
  3. Narrative Identity: This concept, supported by philosophers and psychologists, suggests that individuals construct their sense of self through a personal narrative that is continuously updated and reshaped [3]. In this view, “who you were when” becomes part of the ongoing story you tell about yourself, influencing but not necessarily defining your current identity.

The Role of Memory in Identity

Memory plays a crucial role in connecting our past selves to our present identity:

  1. Dynamic Nature of Memory: Scientific research has shown that memory is not a static archive but an active and reconstructive process. Each time we recall a memory, it is reconstructed, and this process can alter the original experience [4]. This suggests that “who you were when” is not a fixed point but a dynamic representation that changes over time.
  2. Autobiographical Memory: From a psychological standpoint, autobiographical memory is central to the construction of personal identity. These memories are subjective, selective, and reconstructive, influenced by current emotions, beliefs, and cognitive biases [5]. This means that your recollection of “who you were when” is shaped by your current perspective and circumstances.

Consciousness and Self-Awareness

The statement also touches on the concepts of consciousness and self-awareness:

  1. Self-Awareness Development: Self-awareness is a critical component of personal identity. It begins to develop in infancy and becomes more complex as individuals grow [6]. This developmental perspective suggests that “who you are is who you were when” might have different levels of self-awareness compared to your current self.
  2. Neural Correlates of Consciousness: Scientific studies have explored the neural basis of consciousness, identifying areas such as the anterior cingulate cortex as important for self-awareness. However, self-awareness may arise from distributed brain networks rather than specific regions [7]. This neurological perspective highlights the complexity of maintaining a consistent sense of self over time.

Personality Development and Change

Research on personality development provides insights into how individuals change over time:

  1. Stability and Change: Personality traits are generally characterized by both stability and change across the lifespan. While some traits like agreeableness and conscientiousness tend to increase with age, others like neuroticism, extraversion, and openness to experience may decline [8]. This suggests that who you are is who you were when” might have different personality characteristics compared to your current self.
  2. Impact of Life Events: Significant life events can lead to changes in personality traits. For example, entering a romantic relationship or starting a new job can increase emotional stability and conscientiousness [9]. These changes imply that major life experiences can create distinctions between “who you are is who you were when” and who you are now.

Synthesis and Meaning

The statement “who you are is who you were when” encapsulates the complex interplay between continuity and change in personal identity. It challenges us to consider:

  1. Continuity of Consciousness: To what extent does our consciousness provide a thread of continuity between our past and present selves?
  2. Memory’s Role: How do our memories, which are dynamic and reconstructive, shape our understanding of who we were and who we are?
  3. Personal Growth: How have we changed over time, and how do these changes affect our sense of self?
  4. Narrative Construction: How do we integrate our past experiences into our current self-narrative?

In essence, this statement invites us to reflect on the complex nature of personal identity. It suggests that while there may be a continuity of consciousness and memory linking our past and present selves, we are also constantly evolving beings. Our current identity is shaped by, but not necessarily identical to, who we were in the past. This perspective encourages a nuanced understanding of personal identity that acknowledges both the enduring aspects of self and the potential for growth and change over time.

How important are the years 18 – 25 for the individual’s life future experience in the context of political activism? CLICK HERE

Political Podcasts

Podcasts have become an increasingly influential medium for political discourse, shaping public opinion and voter behavior. While political podcasts can be a great source of information and analysis, it’s crucial to approach them critically and seek out diverse perspectives. By listening to a variety of podcasts across the political spectrum and using tools to evaluate their bias and reliability, you can gain a more comprehensive understanding of political issues and form your own informed opinions.

Pros and Cons of Political Podcasts and Recommendations

How Political Podcasts Work in the Political Arena

Political podcasts have emerged as a powerful force in shaping public opinion and influencing voter behavior. They offer a unique platform for political commentary, analysis, and discussion that can reach a wide audience. Here’s how they function in the political landscape:

  1. Influence on Public Opinion: Political podcasts have a significant impact on shaping listeners’ views. According to a survey by Voxtopica, 63% of registered voters reported that podcasts have changed their opinions on issues and topics in the news [1]. This demonstrates the persuasive power of this medium.
  2. Trust and Credibility: Podcasts are often perceived as more trustworthy than traditional media sources. An impressive 85% of registered voters trust the news and information they receive from podcasts more than any traditional or social media [2]. This high level of trust amplifies the influence of political podcasts on public opinion.
  3. Engagement and Action: Political podcasts don’t just inform; they also motivate listeners to take action. For instance, 71% of adult podcast listeners plan to participate in actions related to the 2024 election [3]. This shows how podcasts can mobilize listeners to become more politically active.
  4. Diverse Audience Reach: Political podcasts can reach audiences across the political spectrum, making them an effective tool for communicating political messages and campaign strategies [4].
  5. Impact on Voting Decisions: The media, including podcasts, plays a significant role in shaping voting decisions. Approximately 31% of Americans reported that the media has influenced their voting decision for the president and vice president [5].

Pros and Cons of Political Podcasts

Pros:

  1. In-depth Analysis: Podcasts often provide more detailed and nuanced discussions of political issues compared to traditional news formats.
  2. Convenience: Listeners can access political content on-demand, fitting it into their schedules.
  3. Diverse Perspectives: There are podcasts available from across the political spectrum, allowing listeners to explore different viewpoints.
  4. Community Building: Podcasts can create a sense of community among listeners who share similar political interests.
  5. Direct Communication: Politicians and political commentators can speak directly to their audience without intermediaries.

Cons:

  1. Echo Chambers: Listeners might gravitate towards podcasts that confirm their existing beliefs, potentially reinforcing biases.
  2. Misinformation Risk: Not all podcasts adhere to strict journalistic standards, which can lead to the spread of misinformation.
  3. Polarization: Some political podcasts may contribute to political polarization by presenting extreme or divisive views.
  4. Lack of Immediate Fact-checking: Unlike live debates or interviews, podcast content isn’t subject to real-time fact-checking.
  5. Overwhelming Volume: The sheer number of political podcasts available can make it challenging for listeners to discern quality content.

Recommendations Across the Political Spectrum

To get a balanced perspective, it’s advisable to listen to podcasts from different political leanings. Here are some recommendations:

Liberal Podcasts:

  1. Pod Save America: Hosted by former Obama staffers, providing a progressive take on politics.
  2. The MeidasTouch Podcast: Discusses strategies for social change and critiques conservative policies [8].
  3. Why Is This Happening? The Chris Hayes Podcast: Offers in-depth discussions about political and social issues from a liberal viewpoint [9].

Conservative Podcasts:

  1. The Ben Shapiro Show: Known for conservative commentary and critiques of liberal policies [6].
  2. The Dan Bongino Show: Focuses on current events and political analysis from a conservative viewpoint.
  3. The Tucker Carlson Show: Discusses political issues with a focus on critiquing liberal agendas [7].

Centrist/Moderate Podcasts:

  1. Left, Right & Center: Features discussions from across the political spectrum, aiming to provide a balanced viewpoint.
  2. Very Serious with Josh Barro: Focuses on serious political discussions with a centrist approach [10].
  3. The Utterly Moderate Podcast: Offers a nonpartisan perspective on political issues.

Independent/Nonpartisan Podcasts:

  1. Tangle: Known for its independent, non-partisan approach to political news, presenting arguments from across the political spectrum [11] [12].
  2. On the Ballot: Hosted by Ballotpedia, offering neutral and reliable information on government operations and political stories [13].
  3. Not Another Politics Podcast: Produced by the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy, focusing on research and data to provide a fresh perspective on political stories [14].

Evaluating Political Podcasts

When choosing political podcasts to listen to, it’s important to consider their bias and reliability. Tools like the Ad Fontes Media Bias Chart can help you understand where a podcast falls on the political spectrum and how reliable its content is [15] [16]. This chart evaluates media sources, including podcasts, on both bias (from extreme left to extreme right) and reliability (from original fact reporting to propaganda).

Fact-checking resources like FactCheck.org, PolitiFact, and Snopes can be valuable for verifying claims made in political podcasts [17].

We Need the Activism of the 18 – 25s

The years between 18 and 25 are critically important for an individual’s future life experience, particularly in the context of political activism. This period, often referred to as “emerging adulthood,” is a pivotal time for brain development, personality formation, and the establishment of long-lasting civic engagement patterns. Let’s explore the significance of these years for political activists in detail:

Neurobiological Development and Decision-Making

During the ages of 18-25, the brain undergoes significant changes that are crucial for political activism:

  1. Prefrontal Cortex Maturation: The prefrontal cortex, responsible for higher-order cognitive processes such as planning, impulse control, and decision-making, continues to develop well into the mid-20s [1]. This ongoing maturation is essential for political activists as it enhances their ability to make informed decisions, plan campaigns, and strategize effectively.
  2. Emotional Regulation: The limbic system, involved in emotional processing and risk-taking behaviors, also matures during this period [2]. This development is crucial for political activists who often face emotionally charged situations and need to regulate their responses effectively.
  3. Synaptic Pruning and Myelination: These processes improve cognitive abilities and decision-making skills [1], which are vital for activists navigating complex political landscapes and making critical choices about their involvement and strategies.

Identity Formation and Value Systems

The years 18-25 are fundamental for shaping an individual’s identity and values, which are core to political activism:

  1. Identity Exploration: According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, this period involves exploring various possibilities in love, work, and worldviews to develop a coherent sense of self [3]. For political activists, this exploration is crucial in forming their political identities and determining the causes they will champion.
  2. Self-Focused Exploration: Emerging adults often focus on developing the knowledge, skills, and self-understanding necessary for adult life [4]. This self-focus allows future activists to identify their passions and develop the competencies needed for effective advocacy.
  3. Value System Development: The experiences and exposures during this period significantly influence the formation of an individual’s value system, which is fundamental to their political beliefs and motivations for activism.

Civic Engagement and Political Participation

The 18-25 age range is critical for establishing patterns of civic engagement that often persist throughout life:

  1. Early Political Socialization: This period is crucial for political socialization, with family, friends, and institutions playing significant roles in motivating initial political participation [5]. These early influences can shape an activist’s long-term engagement and approach to political issues.
  2. Skill Development: Early involvement in activism during this period leads to the development of political literacy and social capital, which are crucial for ongoing civic participation [6]. These skills, acquired in the formative years of activism, often become the foundation for a lifetime of effective political engagement.
  3. Long-term Impact: Studies show that civic participation in adolescence and young adulthood helps develop a civic identity associated with higher levels of engagement later in life [7]. This suggests that activists who start their journey during these years are more likely to maintain their commitment and involvement over time.

Social Impact and Movement Building

The unique characteristics of youth activism during this period can have significant societal impacts:

  1. Challenging Norms: Young activists between 18-25 are particularly effective at deconstructing prevailing societal standards and questioning deeply rooted systems of authority [8]. This ability to challenge the status quo is crucial for driving social change.
  2. Innovative Approaches: With their adaptability and familiarity with new technologies, young activists in this age group often pioneer innovative methods of mobilization and communication [9]. This innovation can significantly enhance the reach and effectiveness of political movements.
  3. Global Connectivity: The issues championed by today’s young activists, such as climate justice, racial fairness, and gender equality, often transcend geographical and ideological boundaries [10]. This global perspective, developed during these formative years, can lead to more inclusive and far-reaching activism.

Conclusion

The years between 18 and 25 are undeniably crucial for shaping an individual’s future as a political activist. This period encompasses significant neurobiological development, identity formation, and the establishment of civic engagement patterns that often persist throughout life. The experiences, skills, and networks developed during this time can set the foundation for a lifetime of impactful political activism.

For political activists, these years represent a unique opportunity to shape their worldviews, develop critical skills, and establish the groundwork for long-term civic engagement. The activism initiated during this period often has far-reaching consequences, not just for the individuals involved but for society as a whole. As such, supporting and nurturing political engagement during these formative years can have profound implications for the future of social movements and political change.

Guide to Critical Thinking Worksheet

Why critical thinking is important: Thinking Critically CLICK HERE

  • 1. Knowledge
  • Who ______________? What _____________________?
  • Where_________________________? When_________________________________?
  • How__________________________? Describe __________________?
  • What is ___________________________________________________ ?
  • 2. Comprehension
    Retell in your own words ____________________________________?
    What is the main idea of ____________________________________?
    What differences exist between ______________________________?
    Can you write a brief outline _________________________________?
  • 3. Application
    How is_______________________ an example of____________________________?
    How is __________ related to ____________________?
    Why is __________________________________________ significant?
    Do you know another instance where _________________________?
    Could this have happened in_____________________________________________?
  • 4. Analysis
    What are the parts or features of _____________________________?
    Classify ________________ according to ___________?
    Outline/diagram/web map ____________________________________
    How does ______ Compare/contrast with _________?
    What evidence can you present for ___________________________?
  • 5. Synthesis
    What would you predict/infer from ___________________________?
    What ideas could you add to ________________________________?
    How would you create/design a new _________________________?
    What solutions would you suggest for ________________________?
    What might happen if you combined ___ with _____?
  • 6. Evaluation
    Do you agree that ________________? Explain ______
    What do you think about ____________________________________?
    What is most important?
    Prioritize _________ according to _________________?
    How would you decide about____________________________________________?
    What criteria would you use to assess ________________________?